System and method for assessing fluid distribution

ABSTRACT

A system and method for assessing fluid distribution. According to one aspect of the disclosure, a fluid detection network is used to assess the fluid distribution of a fluid collection article having a plurality of tested regions. Each tested region of the fluid collection article is serviced by the fluid detection network. The fluid detection network is configured to indicate a fluid distribution of the fluid collection article. According to another aspect of the disclosure, a monitoring subsystem assesses a fluid distribution of a test area serviced by a fluid detection network, wherein the fluid detection network has a net characteristic indicative of the fluid distribution of the test area.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/253,807, filed Sep. 23, 2002, which claims thebenefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/324,278, filedSep. 25, 2001; 60/344,795, filed Jan. 7, 2002; 60/348,381, filed Jan.16, 2002; 60/354,530, filed Feb. 8, 2002; 60/357,624, filed Feb. 20,2002; and 60/373,637, filed Apr. 19, 2002. This application also claimsthe benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/429,154, filedNov. 25, 2002; 60/452,703 filed Mar. 6, 2003; 60/454,390, filed Mar. 12,2003; 60/467,272, filed May 2, 2003; 60/473,001, filed May 22, 2003;60/473,790, filed May 27, 2003; and 60/494,031 filed Aug. 8, 2003. Thecontent of the above referenced applications is herein incorporated byreference for all purposes.

BACKGROUND

[0002] In the past, detecting the presence of urine, for instance in adiaper or bedding, has been accomplished by physically touching thepotentially wetted area. For convenience, speed, sanitation, and similarreasons, this method is less than ideal, particularly in a managed careenvironment. In such environments, urine detection is an ongoingprocess. Several patients may need to be repeatedly tested, which can bea time consuming, physically demanding, undesirable task. Often times,patients are in beds, covered with blankets, and testing for urine insuch circumstances is difficult using conventional methods. Somedetection methods utilize visual indicators, but these methods requireremoval of clothing and/or blankets, and cannot be discretely used by anadult wearing a diaper in public.

[0003] To maximize the utility of urine collection articles, such asdiapers, such articles must be changed when they have collected theproper amount of urine. A person suffering from lack of bladder controlmay continuously leak urine, and the mere presence of urine in thearticle does not always necessitate a change. Changing a urinecollection garment too soon can be wasteful because the maximumeffectiveness of the garment is not utilized. Changing a garment toolate may cause the wearer discomfort and/or irritation, and may alsoallow urine to spread outside of the garment. Therefore, to maximize theeffectiveness of such garments, it is desirable to be able to determinethe relative amount of urine that has been collected by such a garmentso that the garment may be changed at the proper time. Industry expertsestimate that absorbent articles are used to only about 30% of theircapacity, which results in unnecessary expenditure by consumers andundesirable environment impact.

[0004] The distribution of urine within an absorbent article may be atleast partially dependent on the pattern of use. With a diaper, forexample, the body position of the person using the article (i.e. lyingon back, lying on front, lying on left side, lying on right side, etc.)will influence the fluid distribution within the diaper. Gravity maycause retained fluid to collect at a portion of the article that isrelatively low compared to other portions of the absorbent article.Because more fluid may be retained at the low side of the article,maximum capacity may be reached at that area or a leak may occur therebefore other areas of the article retain any fluid.

SUMMARY

[0005] A system and method for assessing fluid distribution is provided.According to one aspect of the disclosure, a fluid detection network isused to assess the fluid distribution of a fluid collection articlehaving a plurality of tested regions. Each tested region of the fluidcollection article is serviced by the fluid detection network. The fluiddetection network is configured to indicate a fluid distribution of thefluid collection article. According to another aspect of the disclosure,a monitoring subsystem assesses a fluid distribution of a test areaserviced by a fluid detection network, wherein the fluid detectionnetwork has a net characteristic indicative of the fluid distribution ofthe test area.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006]FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fluid detection system.

[0007]FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a urine detection network.

[0008]FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a diaper serviced by a urinedetection network.

[0009]FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a detector as used in a fluiddetection network.

[0010]FIG. 5 is a somewhat schematic view of an embodiment of a urinedetection network.

[0011]FIG. 6 is a somewhat schematic view of an embodiment of aninterface module of a urine detection network.

[0012]FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a urine detectionnetwork.

[0013]FIG. 8 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a urinedetection network.

[0014]FIG. 9 is a schematic cross section view of an embodiment of aurine detection network.

[0015]FIG. 10 is a schematic cross section view of another embodiment ofa urine detection network.

[0016]FIGS. 11-13 are schematic views of urine detection networksconstructed from a single conductive element.

[0017]FIGS. 14-17 show a method of constructing portions of a fluiddetection network from sheet material.

[0018]FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a urine detection network thatincludes a data storage mechanism.

[0019]FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a monitoring subsystem.

[0020]FIG. 20 is a somewhat schematic view of a signal generatorconfigured to couple to a fluid detection network.

[0021]FIG. 21 is a somewhat schematic view of an embodiment of amonitoring subsystem.

[0022]FIG. 22 is a somewhat schematic view of another embodiment of amonitoring subsystem.

[0023]FIGS. 23-26 schematically show a possible analysis used to assessa fluid distribution from a measured energy distribution.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024]FIG. 1 schematically shows a fluid detection system 10 that isconfigured to assess the distribution of a fluid. As used herein, theterm “distribution” is used to describe the absolute and/or relativepresence, quantity, and/or location of such a fluid. Fluid detectionsystem 10 includes a fluid detection network 12 and a monitoringsubsystem 14 that can be individually and collectively configured todetect a fluid distribution. The fluid detection network can beassociated with different regions that are to be tested so thatdifferent portions of the fluid detection network correspond todifferent regions of the tested area. In other words, different portionsof a fluid detection network may service different regions of a testedarea. Each region may be monitored, thus allowing the fluid distributionthroughout the tested area to be determined. A monitoring subsystem cancooperate with the fluid detection network to interpret information fromthe fluid detection network, and such information can be used to assessfluid distribution of the tested area.

[0025] Although the below disclosure describes exemplary systems thatare configured to detect the distribution of urine in absorbentarticles, it should be understood that this disclosure is not solimited. Such embodiments are provided for the purpose of teachingindividual features, functions, elements, and/or properties that may bevariously combined while remaining within the scope of this disclosure.Detecting urine in an absorbent article is provided as only one exampleof the broader application of detecting a fluid in a tested area.

Urine Detection Network

[0026]FIG. 2 schematically shows an exemplary fluid detection network 12in the form of a urine detection network 20. Urine detection network 20can be used to detect the distribution of urine in an absorbent article.As used herein, “absorbent article” is used to describe any article thatcan hold or contain variable amounts of fluid. Although described belowin the context of a diaper, it should be understood that absorbentarticles may also take the form of bedding, garments, sanitary napkins,etc. Furthermore, absorbent articles may be configured for collectingsubstances other than fluids and fluids other than urine. In general, itis within the scope of this disclosure to test the fluid distribution ofvirtually any absorbent medium or other item that may collect a fluid. Adiaper is described as a single nonlimiting example of an absorbentarticle that may be tested.

[0027] Absorbent articles may include one or more regions, which may betested in order to assess the degree to which each region has beenwetted. For example, a diaper may include a front portion and a rearportion, which may respectively be wetted with different amounts ofurine depending on whether a user is lying in a face-up or a face-downorientation. Accordingly, urine detection network 20 may include one ormore detectors 22, which can be individually configured and positionedto test the relative or absolute urine content of such regions. In thismanner, a network of detectors can collectively test different regionsof an absorbent article to assess the location of urine throughout theabsorbent article as opposed to the mere presence of urine withoutknowledge of its distribution. Different regions may be testedindependently of one another, as groups of regions, or collectively as awhole. Furthermore, a network of detectors may indicate the remainingfunctional absorbent capacity of the article in one or more bodypositions, which in turn may be used to determine if a change can bepostponed.

[0028] The tested regions may correspond to different usage patterns,and tested wetness levels of one or more regions may be used todetermine the ability of an absorbent article to collect additionalfluid without leaking. In some embodiments, the level of fluid in aregion containing the most fluid relative to other regions may beinterpreted as the fluid level of the article as a whole, although otherregions may be less wetted or even unwetted. In some embodiments, thelevel of fluid in one region may be considered with respect to thewetness of other regions to determine if the absorbent article iscapable of retaining additional fluid to adequately comply with itsfunctional purpose. A network of detectors may be configured to provideinformation regarding the fluid distribution of the absorbent article,i.e. the relative or absolute wetness of one or more regions of thearticle. Such information may be used to assess the fluid distributionof the article. Accordingly, the fluid distribution may be used to makedecisions corresponding to the absorbent article, such as whether adiaper needs changing.

[0029] A detector 22 may participate as an identifiable element withinurine detection network 20. In some embodiments, two or more detectorsmay be interconnected via a bus 24. Bus 24 may include one or moreseries and/or parallel connections that operatively couple one detectorto another. In some embodiments, a detector may be inductively orcapacitively coupled to a bus. Furthermore, other network elements maybe operatively coupled to bus 24. For example, FIG. 2 shows an interfacemodule 26 coupled to bus 24. Bus 24 may be configured to effectivelylink two or more network elements, such as detectors 22 and/or interfacemodule 26. In this manner, the individual functionality of a singlenetwork element may contribute to the collective functionality of thenetwork as a whole, as is described in more detail below.

[0030] A detector 22 may be configured to test a region of an absorbentarticle using a variety of mechanisms. Detector 22 may be any elementcapable of translating the presence of urine, or another fluid orionized substance, into a detectable change in a characteristic of urinedetection network 20. As one example, a detector may change the netcapacitance of a network when the region that the detector testsexperiences a change in urine distribution. Such a change to the netcapacitance of the urine detection network may be attributed to a changein the individual capacitance of the detector resulting from thepresence of urine. Capacitance is provided as a nonlimiting example of anetwork characteristic that may be responsive to changes in urinedistribution.

[0031] A network may include a detector with characteristics thatdistinguish it from other detectors of the network, so that a particulardetector may be distinguished from other detectors. For example, atleast one detector may be configured with known minimum and maximumcapacitance values, which may be different from the minimum and/ormaximum values of other detectors. Thus, a particular detector maychange capacitance in a manner different from other detectors, andchange the net capacitance of all detectors differently than any otherdetector, or combination of detectors. Therefore, if the capacitance ofsuch a detector changes, because a region associated with it becomes atleast partially wetted, the change in capacitance may be attributed to awetting of the region serviced by that detector. Each detector may beconfigured with a unique capacitance, and the collective capacitance ofall detectors, or any group of detectors, may be configured to signaldifferent wetness conditions, which depend on the region or regions ofthe article that have been wetted.

[0032] In some embodiments, one or more detectors may be configured tohave a known capacitance range, while other detectors do not haveprecisely identifiable capacitance ranges, but rather a range from a setvalue, or range, to a value out of a known range. Such an arrangementmay be useful to determine whether a particular region of an absorbentarticle is sufficiently wetted so as to warrant a change. For example,this could be used to determine whether a diaper needs to be changed,without precisely identifying what region of the diaper is wetted; orwhether a diaper change may be avoided although an identified region isdetected as being wet.

[0033] A region serviced by an identifiable detector may be wetted, butbecause of the particular region associated with that detector, such asa region that is not prone to leaking, the diaper need not be changed ifother detectors are not triggered. Nonetheless, the detector may be usedto determine the overall remaining capacity of the collection article.Other regions, which when wetted indicate that a diaper should bechanged, may be serviced by less predictable detectors that are noteasily individually identifiable, because it has been predetermined thata diaper should be changed when any region associated with such adetector becomes wetted. In such circumstances, the precise region thathas been wetted may not be indicated. The unpredicted capacitance maysignal that a change is needed because the detectors that yieldunpredicted capacitance values are positioned to service regions thatcorrespond with a need to change the diaper when at least one of thoseregions is wetted. As used herein, the term “unpredictable” is used todescribe a capacitance value outside of a predetermined range. It shouldbe understood that an “unpredictable” value is useful in identifyingwetness, because the capacitance has moved outside of a predeterminedrange. In some embodiments, the individual capacitance values of eachdetector, or groups of detectors, may be tested separately from otherdetectors, and in some embodiments the net capacitance of all detectorsis tested.

[0034] A detector 22, or a portion of the detector, may be insulatedfrom direct contact and/or galvanic interaction with urine. In otherwords, the detector can be configured so that portions of the detector,such as metal portions, do not physically interact with urine. Thedetector may be configured so that only materials that are relativelyinert with respect to urine come into contact with urine. For example,an insulating layer, such as plastic, selected for its lack ofreactivity with urine, may be used to shield a metal portion of adetector, which may undesirably react with the urine. Such a coveringcan prevent urine, which may be in contact with a user, from reactingwith metal in a way that could be harmful to the user. However,insulating layers can be utilized without preventing the detector fromperforming its desired function of detecting urine.

[0035] A detector may be tuned to respond to the presence of urine ifthe urine exceeds a predetermined threshold amount and/or consistency.In some embodiments, such a threshold may be set to a nominal value sothat any urine will exceed the threshold. In some embodiments, thethreshold may be set to a more significant value so that an amountand/or consistency of urine below the selected threshold will not affectthe urine detection network in the same manner as an amount and/orconsistency of urine above the selected threshold. This may be useful inavoiding false positive detections resulting from small amounts ofmoisture in the vicinity of a detector. In some embodiments, a detectormay respond to the relative amount of urine in the region serviced bythe detector, and thus the detector may be used to determine therelative amount of urine in that region. In some embodiments, more thanone detector may be associated with a region, and each detector in aregion may be responsive to a different threshold of fluid.

[0036] A detector may be treated with a sensitizer to increaseresponsiveness to a targeted fluid. For example, a detector 22 may betreated with a fluid-soluble coating configured to dissolve, orotherwise change form, when a certain degree of saturation occurs. Insome embodiments, an ionized substance, in a dried or other form, may beapplied to the detector. In this manner, a fluid, including an unionizedfluid, and the ionized substance may combine to form an ionizedsolution, which may increase detector sensitivity to some fluids and/orenable detection of fluids that would not otherwise be detectable. Insome embodiments, the detectors may include a fluid collecting pad orsponge designed to retain fluid. Such pads may be treated with anionized solution and dried, thus leaving an ionized substance on thepad. The ionized substance may react with ionized and/or unionizedfluids to facilitate detection of the fluids.

[0037] A detector may include a dielectric portion configured to changedielectric properties in response to the presence of fluid. For example,in some embodiments, a detector may include opposing plates separated bya variable dielectric, such as a pad or a sponge, that changes thecapacitance of the detector in response to changes in the wetness levelof the pad. The wetness level of the pad may vary according to thedegree of wetness around the pad. The change of capacitance in a singledetector can produce a corresponding change in the net capacitance of anetwork. As described above, one or more detectors may be configured tochange the net capacitance by a different amount than one or more otherdetectors. The network may be tested to determine a wetness conditioncorresponding to the region the detector services. For example, inembodiments where capacitance is a network characteristic that changesin response to wetness, the net capacitance of the network may bemeasured or otherwise analyzed to test the network.

[0038] In some embodiments, a detector may be configured so that thedistance between portions of the detector mechanically changes whenfluid is introduced to the detector. For example, a dielectric portionmay expand and/or shrink with changing levels of wetness, thus changingthe distance between opposing plates. In some embodiments, a dielectriclayer may dissolve when exposed to a targeted fluid. In someembodiments, the dielectric layer may change dielectric properties inanother manner. In any case, such changes can be measured and/oranalyzed to assess saturation corresponding to a detector. The above areprovided as nonlimiting examples, and other detection mechanisms mayadditionally or alternatively be implemented.

[0039]FIG. 3 schematically shows a diaper 30 that includes a urinedetection network 32. The urine detection network includes a bus 34 thatinterconnects detectors 36. As can be seen, the detectors are locatedproximate different regions of diaper 30. Each detector is configured totest the region corresponding to that detector's position. Urinedetection network 32 also includes an interface module 38 thatfacilitates communication with an external device. The incorporation ofurine detection network 32 into diaper 30 is provided as a nonlimitingexample of a fluid detection network servicing an absorbent article. Itshould be understood that other arrangements are contemplated.Furthermore, one skilled in the art of fluid detection may apply theabove concepts to other fluid detection systems that service other typesof tested areas. A urine detection network, or portions thereof, may bepositioned inside an outer protective layer of the diaper, or outside ofthe outer protective layer.

[0040]FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross section of an exemplary detector50. Detector 50 includes plate 52 and plate 54, which oppose oneanother. The plates may be constructed from metal sheet material, oranother suitable conductor. The plates can be respectively sealed frommoisture by insulating layer 56 and insulating layer 58. The insulatinglayers may be constructed from plastic or another waterproof coatingmaterial. The insulating layers may be configured to allow a plate toelectrically communicate with a bus, which may or may not be insulated,while preventing undesired contact with a fluid. The insulating layersmay be implemented in virtually any form that effectively seals selectedportions of the plate from undesired fluid contact. In some embodiments,a single segment of insulating layer may effectively encapsulate aplate, and in some embodiments two or more portions of insulating layermay cooperate to collectively seal a plate. It should be understood thata sealed plate may connect to a bus.

[0041] Between plate 52 and plate 54, detector 50 includes dielectricmaterial 60. In the illustrated embodiment, dielectric material 60includes moisture absorbing portion 62 and a nonabsorbing portion 64.The absorbing portion is exposed to fluid via an opening, showngenerally at 66. Absorbing portion 62 is configured to change dielectricproperties when exposed to fluid. Therefore the capacitance of detector50 changes when the detector is exposed to fluid. The change incapacitance may be analyzed to assess the wetness condition of theregion associated with the detector. The above is only one example of adetector that may be implemented to assess fluid distribution at atested area. Other configurations designed to respond to changes influid concentration with changes in capacitance may additionally oralternatively be used, and configurations designed to vary acharacteristic other than capacitance may be used in some embodiments.

[0042]FIG. 5 shows an exemplary urine detection network 100 configuredas a sheet 102, which may be incorporated into an absorbent article.Constructing urine detection network 100 as a single sheet may simplifyassembly of the absorbent article. For example, diapers may be assembledin layers by automated machines. A protective shell, absorbent core,inner fabric, and/or other portions may be layered together, cut,shaped, glued, etc. Furthermore, additional components such as elasticbands, fasteners, reinforcement supports, etc. may be used in theconstruction. Sheet 102 may be incorporated into such an assemblyprocess, so that the sheet is layered with the other portions of thediaper. In some embodiments, a pick-and-place arrangement may be used toposition a urine detection network, or portions thereof, at a desiredlocation within the diaper during assembly. Such sheet arrangements mayinclude a urine detection network assembled with a single wire, anassembly of capacitor plates, wires, and/or other components, or anyother suitable urine detection network.

[0043] Urine detection network 100 includes detectors 104 that areconfigured to respond to the presence of urine by changing capacitance.A detector 104 may be constructed with the same general layout asdetector 50 of FIG. 4, or other suitable arrangements may alternativelybe used. Each detector 104 includes a first plate 106 electricallycoupled to a bus 108 at a first node 110 and a second plate 112electrically coupled to the bus at a second node 114. The plates may beeffectively insulated from fluid using any suitable means, includingcovering the plates with an insulating layer. The plates may bepositioned on opposing sides of a dielectric material, such as pad 116.As shown, at least a portion of the dielectric may be exposed so thaturine may come into direct contact with the dielectric. The dielectricmay be configured with an absorbent portion that changes dielectricproperties when it absorbs fluid, and or other substances. Therefore,measurement of the capacitance of the fluid detection network may beused to assess the presence of fluid.

[0044] As shown, urine detection network 100 includes a network bus 108,to which detectors 104 are coupled. Some detectors may be connectedimmediately adjacent the network bus, as indicated at 118, while othersmay be spaced away from the bus, as indicated at 120. FIG. 5, shows onlyone possible arrangement, and it should be understood that detectors maybe positioned to correspond to virtually any region of an absorbentarticle at which testing is desired. Furthermore, fluid detectionnetworks may be configured to service tested areas other than absorbentarticles and may be configured accordingly. One or more network bussesmay be used to facilitate placement of the various detectors thatconstitute a fluid detection network.

[0045] A fluid detection network may include an interface moduleconfigured to facilitate interaction with a monitoring subsystem. Inthis manner, information corresponding to a fluid distribution tested bythe network may be acquired and/or interpreted by the monitoringsubsystem. The monitoring subsystem may use an interface module that iscomplementarily configured relative to an interface module of the testedfluid detection network. Some monitoring subsystems may includeinterface modules that are configured to wirelessly acquire informationfrom a fluid detection network, and/or to communicate via a directelectrical connection. Although primarily described herein withreference to wirelessly communicated electromagnetic energy andelectrical energy communicated via direct electrical connection, itshould be understood that fluid detection networks may be configured tooperate and/or communicate using other energy forms, including opticalenergy and mechanical energy.

[0046]FIG. 5 shows an exemplary interface module in the form of aconnection node 130. Connection node 130 includes electrical contact 132and electrical contact 134, which are operatively coupled to a bus 108of the urine connection network. Bus 108 may be connected to a detector104 that is configured to respond to the presence of urine. One or moreinterface modules may be included in the same fluid detection network,thereby facilitating different types of interaction with a monitoringsubsystem and/or providing different areas of the tested article withwhich the monitoring subsystem may establish interaction.

[0047] A monitoring subsystem may be clipped or otherwise coupled toconnection node 130, thus allowing the monitoring subsystem to monitor acharacteristic, such as capacitance, of the fluid detection network. Inthe illustrated embodiment, a clip 136 of a monitoring subsystem isshown in position to establish a charge path between connection node 130and the monitoring subsystem. Other arrangements are possible, and theabove is shown as a nonlimiting example. For example, in someembodiments, connection node 130 may be configured to extend out of adiaper where an electrical connection can be easily made. In general, aphysical or operative connection may be established between conductorsof a monitoring subsystem and a connection node of a fluid detectionnetwork, thus facilitating the transmission of electrical currentbetween the monitoring subsystem and the fluid detection network. Thetype of the connection and the location of the connection may vary. Themonitoring subsystem may be configured to measure characteristics of thefluid detection network, including the capacitance of the network. Insome embodiments, electrical contact 132 and electrical contact 134 mayfacilitate capacitive coupling between the network and the monitoringsubsystem.

[0048]FIG. 20 shows an exemplary interface module in the form of anenergy-converting module 150. Energy-converting module 150 may becoupled to a bus of a urine detection network. The energy-convertingmodule may be configured to collaborate with a monitoring subsystem,thus wirelessly conveying information about the urine detection networkto the monitoring subsystem. For example, a monitoring subsystem maygenerate a magnetic or electromagnetic field that energizesenergy-converting module 150. As the urine detection network changescapacitance in response to changing fluid distributions, the changingcapacitance may produce corresponding changes in the energy distributionbetween the monitoring subsystem and energy-converting module 150.Therefore, the monitoring subsystem may be used to monitor thecapacitance of the fluid detection network, which predictably changes inresponse to the fluid distribution. In this manner, the energydistribution between the monitoring subsystem and energy-convertingmodule 150 may be monitored to determine the fluid distribution.

[0049]FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of an exemplary fluid detectionnetwork 160 that is made from a single layer of conductive material 162,such as aluminum foil, conductive ink, or the like. The conductivematerial is originally arranged in a generally planar configuration, andmay be disposed on a dielectric material 164. When in an initial planarconfiguration, the conductive material is not in a final desiredorientation. Folding along a fold line 166 so that a portion 168 of theconductive material is placed adjacent another portion 170 of theconductive material positions the conductive material in the desiredconfiguration. In other words, folding the conductive material completesa desired circuit. A node 172 of portion 168 can be physically connectedto a node 174 of portion 170 to form a charge path. In some embodiments,node 172 and node 174 may be capacitively coupled, or in other words,separated by a dielectric layer. Once folded, portion 168 and portion170 collectively serve as an interface module, which may interact with amonitoring subsystem. Other network elements, such as detectors, mayalso be formed from folding a single layer into two or more adjacentlayers.

[0050] Fluid detection network 160 includes detectors 176, which includeinsulated conducting plates that are positioned side by side in a planarconfiguration. In such an arrangement, ionized fluid may functionsimilar to a second opposing plate, as found in a conventionalcapacitor. For example, ionized fluid covering the plates of detectors176 may enable the plates to temporarily store charge and affect thefluid detection network's overall capacity. In other words, when ionizedfluid covers a detector of the network, the detector's capacity maychange accordingly. A layer of absorbent material may be positioned ontop of a detector to ensure complete coverage by the fluid. Furthermore,a second layer of conductive material such as aluminum foil may beplaced on top of the absorbent layer and may improve detectionresolution between dry and wet detectors. The plates of the detectorsmay be insulated from fluid by a sheet of dielectric material and/or byapplying an overcoat of dielectric material. Detectors may be configuredwith different sizes to enable distinguishing between the differentdetectors.

[0051]FIG. 8 depicts a schematic view of an exemplary fluid detectionnetwork 180 that is constructed from two parallel conductors separatedby a dielectric layer. Portions of the dielectric layer, such asportions associated with detectors, may be designed to react in apredictable manner when fluid is present. For example, a dielectricproperty of that portion of the dielectric layer may change when exposedto a tested fluid. Other portions, such as portions not associated witha detector, may be kept from reacting to the fluid. To avoid reacting,such portions may be impregnated with a suitable compound, physicallyinsulated, and/or otherwise protected.

[0052] The conductors and dielectric layer of fluid detection network180 may be arranged in a variety of configurations. For example, FIG. 9shows a cross section of one possible arrangement, in which parallelconductors 182 are arranged on opposite sides of a common absorbentdielectric layer 184. The conductors are surrounded by an insulationlayer 186. FIG. 10 shows another arrangement, in which conductors 188are covered by an insulation layer 190, which in turn is covered with adielectric layer 192. In these or other embodiments, the dielectriclayer may be absorbent and/or chemically reactive. The above areprovided as nonlimiting examples. Other arrangements with absorbent ornon-absorbent dielectric layers may be used. In some embodiments, thedielectric layer may itself provide insulation, thus rendering aseparate insulation layer unnecessary. As with other types of fluiddetection networks, the overall capacity of a dry network can beestablished and changes that occur at any detector of the network may bedetected and used in assessing fluid distribution.

[0053]FIGS. 11-13 show three exemplary fluid detection networkarrangements that include a single conductive element arranged to formone or more detectors, a bus, and/or additional elements. In someembodiments, the single conductive element may take the form of amoisture-insulated wire. Constructing the fluid detection network from asingle conductive element may decrease the cost of the fluid detectionnetwork. The conductive element may be shaped to form detectors at aplurality of locations, which may be used to test the wetness at eachlocation. While the bus, detectors, and/or interface module of a fluiddetection network may be formed from a single conductive element, itshould be understood that insulating layers, dielectric portions, andother components may also be used to construct such a fluid detectionnetwork.

[0054]FIG. 11 shows fluid detection network 200, which includes bus 202,detectors 204, and an interface module 206 fashioned from a singleconductive element 208. Detectors 204 may function as simple capacitors.As described herein, capacitors may be configured to effectively measurethe wetness of a tested area by changing capacitance in response tochanges in wetness. To facilitate such measurements, materials thatchange dielectric properties in response to wetness may be utilized insome embodiments. Interface module 206 may be used to wirelesslyinteract with a monitoring subsystem, such as via mutual inductance.FIG. 12 shows a fluid detection network 210 in which a single conductiveelement 212 is shaped to form a bus 214, detectors 216, and an interfacemodule 218. Detectors 216 are formed in a coil pattern. In response towetness, a detector including a coil shaped element may changecapacitance, and/or change its own inductive behavior, which may cause ameasurable change in the overall energy absorption pattern of a fluiddetection network. FIG. 13 shows yet another exemplary fluid detectionnetwork 220 in which a single conductive element 222 is shaped to form abus 224, detectors 226, and an interface module 228. Detectors 226 areshaped as coils, and in some embodiments the detectors may be at leastpartially exposed to fluid while other elements of the network areinsulated.

[0055] A variety of methods may be used to form a fluid detectionnetwork in which a single conductive element is shaped to form pluralnetwork elements, such as a bus, detectors, and/or interface module. Forexample, a wire may be bent into shape, conductive ink may be used toprint a desired pattern, conductive sheet material may be cut or etched,etc. In general, methods which minimize cost while maximizingrepeatability and speed of production are favored.

[0056]FIGS. 14-17 show an exemplary method of shaping a sheet ofconductive material into a desired pattern, which may be used as part ofa fluid detection network. FIG. 14 shows a cross section of a portion ofsheet material that can be used to form a fluid detection network. Thesheet material includes a substrate 240, a binder 242, and a conductivelayer 244. The substrate may include plastic and/or another poorelectrical conductor that is relatively chemically inert with respect tourine or another tested substance. In some embodiments, the substratemay be flexible, so as to increase placement options in urine collectionarticles such as diapers. Conductive layer 244 is generally formed froma conductive sheet material suitable for establishing one or more chargepaths, through which electrical charge may move. In some embodiments,the conductive layer may include a metallic sheet material, such as analuminum foil, or another flexible conductor. Binder 242 is intermediatesubstrate 240 and conductive layer 244. As explained below, in someembodiments, the binder may be a selectively deformable layer that canbe given a desired profile. For example, binder 242 may include a hotmelt adhesive capable of adhering conductive layer 244 to substrate 240.Such a hot melt adhesive may be stamped, embossed, or otherwisephysically altered to have a desired shape. In some embodiments, asingle layer may serve as the binder and the substrate. For example, athermoplastic substrate/binder may serve as a substrate to a laminatedconductive layer, the thermoplastic substrate/binder may be heated andshaped to help establish and maintain a suitable gap distance, asdescribed below.

[0057] As shown in FIG. 15, a scorer 250 may be used to mark a patternon conductive layer 244. In some embodiments, the scorer may take theform of a die cutting plate that is configured to physically cut throughthe conductive layer, and possibly a portion of the binder and/or thesubstrate. Cutting through the conductive layer effectively shapes theconductive layer into a desired conductive pattern 252. At least aportion of the binder and/or substrate may be left intact, thusproviding a stable base for the newly formed conductive pattern. Theconductive pattern may include adjacent traces, separated by a gapdistance D. After the scorer disengages the conductive layer, Gapdistance D may become very small or even closed.

[0058] As shown in FIG. 16, a cover layer 260 may be applied on theconducting layer, or portions thereof. Cover layer 260 may be appliedbefore or after shaping. Cover layer 260 may be contoured to the shapeof the pressed conductive layer, or the cover layer may remainsubstantially flat. Cover layer 260 may include plastic, or anothersuitable material, which may effectively act as an electrical insulator.Cover layer 260 and substrate 240 may cooperate to seal the conductivelayer, or at least selected portions of the conductive layer. Coverlayer 260 may also facilitate maintaining a desired gap distance Dbetween adjacent traces of the conductive layer.

[0059] As shown in FIG. 17, a shaper 270 may be used to further defineconductive pattern 252. In some embodiments, the shaper may take theform of a heated embossing plate. The shaper may be configured with astamping pattern 272 that complements conductive pattern 252. Thestamping pattern and the conductive pattern may be aligned, and thestamping pattern may be pressed into the conductive pattern. As shown,the conductive layer, binder, and/or cover layer may be deformed by thepressure of the shaper. In particular, the conductive layer may be givena more three-dimensional profile, which can increase a gap distance Dbetween adjacent traces of the conductive layer. An increased gapdistance may improve circuit integrity and help limit electrical shortsor other conditions that could cause a fluid detection network to behaveunpredictably.

[0060] As schematically shown in FIG. 18, a fluid detection network 280may include a data storage mechanism 282 for storing information. Forexample, a fluid detection network may include a memory that stores anidentifier that may be presented to a monitoring subsystem to facilitateidentification of the particular fluid detection network. This may beuseful, for example, if a common monitoring subsystem is used to testmore than one fluid detection network. In particular, a data storagemechanism may include information regarding the type, size, and/orcapacity of an absorbent article that the interface module is associatedwith, thereby allowing customized quantitative measurements to beperformed.

[0061] To facilitate a wireless exchange of information between amonitoring subsystem and the fluid detection network, one or moreenergy-converting modules may be operatively coupled to the fluiddetection network. An energy-converting module may facilitate theexchange of energy between the fluid detection network and a monitoringsubsystem. The exchange of energy may be measured and/or analyzed by themonitoring subsystem. A characteristic of the fluid detection networkmay correspond to the energy exchange between the fluid detectionnetwork and the monitoring subsystem. In particular, one or more of thefluid detection network's characteristics, such as capacitance, may bedetermined based on the monitored energy exchange.

[0062] In some embodiments, an energy-converting module includes a coilcoupled to a fluid detection network bus. The coil may be configured toconvert energy generated by an inducer into electromotive force withinthe fluid detection network. An energy distribution between the fluiddetection network and the inducer may be measurably influenced accordingto the capacitance, or other characteristic, of the fluid detectionnetwork. Therefore, measurement and analysis of the energy distributionpattern may be used to detect the distribution of urine.

Monitoring Subsystem

[0063]FIG. 19 schematically shows an exemplary monitoring subsystem 300.A monitoring subsystem may take the form of a portable device, which maybe moved from one testing location to another. In some embodiments, amonitoring subsystem may include a combination of stationary andportable componentry, which may be constructed as two or more separatedevices. A monitoring subsystem may be configured for measuring and/oranalyzing fluid distribution independent of other devices, or amonitoring subsystem may be configured to cooperate with one or moreother devices to measure and/or analyze fluid distribution. A monitoringsubsystem may be adapted to present information to other devices foranalysis and/or notification via wired or wireless transmission modes.In some embodiments, the monitoring subsystem may send or receive datathat may be interpreted or further analyzed to determine a fluiddistribution. Furthermore, elements of the monitoring subsystem maytransmit raw and/or analyzed data to other elements of the monitoringsubsystem or to another device via wired or wireless communication. Suchdata may be further analyzed, recorded, validated, reported, etc. Forthe purpose of simplicity, this disclosure primarily focuses on amonitoring subsystem that is configured as a unitary portable device.However, monitoring subsystems constructed of two or more devices arealso within the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, while describedin the context of measuring and analyzing a fluid distribution, itshould be understood that detection networks may be configured fordifferent types of measurements, and monitoring subsystems may be usedto wirelessly assess information obtained from such measurements.

[0064] Monitoring subsystem 300 includes an analyzing module 302. Asindicated in dashed lines, monitoring subsystem 300 may also include aninterface module 304, an inducer module 306, a sampling module 308,and/or a notification module 310. Analyzing module 302 may be configuredto analyze information in order to assess the fluid distribution of atested area serviced by a fluid detection network. Analyzing module 302may include hardware, firmware, and/or software used to performmeasurements and/or analysis. As nonlimiting examples, an analyzingmodule may take the form of a circuit board designed for the specificpurpose of analyzing a fluid detection network, or an analyzing modulemay take the form of a general computer capable of running softwaredesigned to analyze a fluid detection network. In a simple embodiment,the analyzing module may include componentry for directly measuring thecapacitance of a fluid detection network. In some embodiments, theanalyzing module may be configured to perform data analysis, asdescribed in more detail below.

[0065] A monitoring subsystem and a fluid detection network may becommunicatively coupled by an information link. The information link maybe a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the analyzingmodule may acquire information for analysis via an interface module 304that is physically coupled to a connection node of a fluid detectionnetwork. In some embodiments, the analyzing module may wirelesslyacquire information for analysis. Information may be wirelessly acquiredvia an inducer module 306 and/or a sampling module 308. In either case,acquired information may be delivered to the analyzing module via adirect connection, such as an electrical or optical connection, or theinformation may be wirelessly transmitted, such as via a radio signal.

[0066] When present, an interface module 304 may electrically couple toa connection node of a fluid detection network, thus electricallylinking the connection node of the fluid detection network to analyzingmodule 302. In this manner, analyzing module 302 can read the netcapacitance (or other characteristic) of the urine detection network viaa direct physical connection. FIG. 5 shows an example of a connectionnode to which interface module 304 may connect. As mentioned above,connection nodes may be placed for easy access, so that fluiddistribution measurements may be easily taken. Though schematicallyshown as a simple clip arrangement, it should be understood that a morerobust interface may be utilized for coupling a fluid detection networkto a monitoring subsystem.

[0067] In some embodiments, an interface module in the form of awireless signal generator may be directly coupled to a fluid detectionnetwork. For example, as shown in FIG. 20, a self-powered signalgenerator 312 may be coupled to a bus of a urine detection network via aconnection node 314. Signal generator 312 may be configured to produce asignal that may be received and/or analyzed by a monitoring subsystem.In the illustrated embodiment, signal generator 312 is directly coupledto the network and configured to predictably change aspects of theproduced signal (frequency, modulation, duty cycle, etc.) in response tochanges in the capacitance of the network. In other words, urinedistribution around the corresponding urine detection network controlsthe capacitance of the urine detection network, and the capacitance ofthe urine detection network controls at least one aspect of a signalproduced by signal generator 312. Analyzing module 302 may be configuredto receive the broadcast signal and determine the capacitance of thenetwork. In this manner, the urine distribution of a tested area can beassessed.

[0068] Signal generator 312 may include an internal or external antenna316 configured to facilitate signal transmission. The signal generatormay also include a battery, or other power source, used to power signalproduction, and/or the signal generator may utilize power delivered viatransmitted electromagnetic energy to generate a signal fortransmission. In some embodiments, other configurations of signalgenerators may be employed for transmitting raw and/or analyzed data.

[0069] In some embodiments, a direct reading of capacitance, or anothernetwork characteristic, is not taken. Instead, a fluid detectionnetwork's response to an induced magnetic or electromagnetic field maybe sampled by a monitoring subsystem. The fluid detection network'sresponse may be sampled without directly contacting the fluid detectionnetwork, or at least without establishing a direct charge path betweenthe monitoring subsystem and the fluid detection network. Therefore,this type of sampling is referred to as “wireless.” The wirelesslysampled information may be used to assess fluid distribution of a testedarea serviced by a fluid detection network.

[0070] Monitoring subsystem 300 may include an inducer module 306configured to wirelessly interact with a fluid detection network.Inducer module 306 may be configured to generate a desired energy field.As a nonlimiting example, inducer module 306 may include a signalgenerator, such as a radio frequency oscillator, operatively coupled toa coil. The signal generator may drive an electrical signal in eithertransient or continuous form through the coil to produce a desiredenergy field. The signal generator may include a voltage-controlledoscillator, phase-lock-loop based synthesizer, direct digitalsynthesizer, etc. The signal generator may be configured to selectivelyadjust the waveform, frequency, or duty cycle of the driven signal toproduce the desired energy field.

[0071] As mentioned above, a monitoring subsystem may be configured toassess a fluid distribution of an area serviced by a fluid detectionnetwork, without establishing a physical connection between the fluiddetection network and the monitoring subsystem. In such cases, a fluiddetection network may be configured to absorb and/or reflect emittedenergy in a distinctly different manner according to the fluiddistribution of the tested area. The monitoring subsystem may emit anenergy field and measure the energy distribution between the monitoringsubsystem and the fluid detection network to determine the fluiddistribution. For example, at least one characteristic of a network,such as capacitance, impedance, or resonance frequency, may affect apattern of absorbed energy by the network and/or backscattered energyreflected from the network. Such characteristic may be indicative of afluid distribution. Therefore, the characteristic may be determined toassess the fluid distribution.

[0072] An energy distribution function may be constructed from two ormore measurements. For example, changes in an induced energy field maybe periodically measured as the frequency of an induced field ischanged. Such measurements may be taken at an analyzing module, asampling module, or another component of the monitoring subsystem.Thousands or more of such measurements may be taken every second. Theresults of the measurements may be compiled to form an energydistribution function, which may be graphically represented as a curve.The energy distribution function may be analyzed to determine the stateof the corresponding fluid detection network. For example, one or moreparameters of the energy distribution function may be compared to a setof stored parameters corresponding to known fluid detection networkstates. An analyzing module may be used to construct and/or analyze theenergy distribution function.

[0073] Analysis of an energy distribution function, as opposed to asingle measurement, may facilitate identifying the state of a fluiddetection network. An energy distribution function, which may includemeasurements taken at several frequencies over a short period of time,may also be used to compensate for variables that make singlemeasurements less accurate. The pattern of energy exchange may beinfluenced by variables other than the capacitance of the fluiddetection network. For example, a magnetic coupling coefficient K maychange according to the proximity and orientation of an inducer and afluid detection network affecting energy distribution. Analysis of anenergy distribution function may be used to identify characteristics ofa fluid detection network, such as capacitance, even if the K valuechanges. Analysis of an energy distribution function may additionally oralternatively compensate for other variables.

[0074] As is schematically shown in FIG. 19, monitoring subsystem 300may include a notification module 310. Notification module 310 may beconfigured to provide audio, visual, and/or mechanical information thatcorresponds to the fluid distribution of an area serviced by a fluiddetection network. For example, if a tested area is wetted, notificationmodule 310 may turn on a light that indicates the wetted state of thetested area. In some embodiments, the notification module may sound anaudible alert, mechanically vibrate, or otherwise generate an indicationof a fluid distribution. In some embodiments, the notification modulemay be configured to provide information corresponding to the individualdetectors of a fluid detection network. An amount of information and theresolution of the information presented by a notification module may beselected according to a desired use and the capabilities of the fluiddetection network. When present, a notification module may be physicallyconnected to other components of the monitoring subsystem, or thenotification module may be a stand-alone unit.

[0075] As mentioned above, a fluid detection network may be configuredfor wireless interaction with a monitoring subsystem. In particular,when exposed to an induced energy field, an energy distribution patternbetween a monitoring subsystem and a fluid detection network may beindicative of the fluid distribution of the area serviced by the fluiddetection network. Due to the dynamic nature of such a fluid detectionnetwork, changes that are caused by the presence of fluid, such as achange in an inductance to capacitance ratio, may cause variations incharacteristics of a network, such as impedance, the measure of thevoltage and current step-up at resonant frequency, or others. Inaddition, background noise, changes in temperature, and/or changes inthe shape, position, and/or orientation of a fluid detection network mayintroduce additional test variables. A sampling module 308 may beconfigured to facilitate data analysis that may be used to reducedependency on computation of K and/or other test variables. The use of asampling module may also allow the manufacturing tolerances of the fluiddetection network to be more relaxed, resulting in a less expensivetesting system.

[0076] A sampling module 308 may be positioned within the energy fieldgenerated by inducer module 306. The sampling module may include a coil,amplifying circuitry, and/or other componentry configured to measure theinduced energy field. The induced energy field may be influenced byexternal factors, such as a fluid detection network that is at leastpartially absorbing and/or reflecting energy from the induced energyfield. During testing, a sampling module may be positioned within anoperating distance of an energy-converting module of a fluid detectionnetwork. The sampling module and the energy-converting module may affecteach other's response to the induced field. Furthermore, a change in thefluid distribution of the area serviced by the fluid detection networkmay cause a corresponding change in the energy distribution patternbetween the inducer, the fluid detection network, and the samplingmodule. Such changes in the energy distribution pattern may be used toassess the fluid distribution of an area serviced by the fluid detectionnetwork.

[0077] As indicated in FIG. 21, a monitoring subsystem 320 may include asampling module 322 that is physically connected to an analyzing module324 and an inducer module 326. In this manner, the relative orientationand position of the inducer module and the sampling module are fixed.Therefore, the sampling module and the inducer module move together andmay be positioned within an operating distance of a fluid detectionnetwork 328 when testing the network. A monitoring subsystem may beconfigured so that the sampling module is positioned in a certainorientation during testing, such as between the inducer module and thefluid detection network. Such a relationship may allow the samplingmodule to at least partially mirror changes in the corresponding fluiddetection network, provide a fixed reference for computation ofvariables, and/or reduce dependency on accurate computation of K, as isdescribed in more detail below.

[0078] As indicated in FIG. 22, a monitoring subsystem 330 may include asampling module 332 that is a physically independent unit, which is notphysically fixed to an inducer module 334. In some embodiments, such asampling module may be positioned in a substantially fixed relationshiprelative to a fluid detection network 336. The sampling module may bepositioned immediately proximate the fluid detection network, or thesampling module may be separated from the fluid detection network, suchas by one or more layers of clothing. For example, the sampling modulemay be configured for placement in a user's pocket or for directattachment to an absorbent article.

[0079] The network's energy absorption may be influenced by the presenceof fluid and therefore the combined energy absorbent pattern of thesampling module and the network's energy-converting module may beindicative of a network's state. The advantage of such a configurationis that while the network's circuitry is kept at a minimum, the samplingmodule may include componentry that modifies the energy exchange patternto include information that yields computation of K or other testvariables unnecessary. In addition, the sampling module and themonitoring subsystem may be configured so that their relative positionat the time of testing may be identified without affecting a network'sresponse. A sampling module may be at least partially self-powered.

[0080]FIG. 23 shows a reference curve 400 (energy distribution function)that represents an energy distribution at a monitoring subsystem. Such amonitoring subsystem may include an inducer configured to generate asignal with known parameters, such as frequency, amplitude, modulation,etc. In particular, the inducer can generate a signal that steps througha range of frequencies, as indicated by the frequency steps comprisingthe horizontal axis of the illustrated plot. The monitoring subsystemmay also include a sampling module at which one or more characteristicsof the generated signal may be measured. The measured characteristic maybe represented as a quantitative level, as indicated by the verticalaxis of the illustrated plot.

[0081] The sampling module and the inducer may be positioned in a fixedrelationship relative to one another. Fixing the relative position ofthe sampling module and the inducer may help reduce the number ofvariables that influence energy exchange between the elements. As anexample, a fixed relationship may establish a substantially constant Kvalue between the inducer and the sampling module. Although describedwith reference to a monitoring subsystem that includes an inducerconfigured to exchange energy with a sampling module, it should beunderstood that the disclosed analysis may be used with otherarrangements that effectuate a measurable exchange of energy with afluid detection network.

[0082] Reference curve 400 is indicative of a series of measurementstaken at the sampling module in a controlled environment, in whichexternal factors are not influencing energy exchange between thesampling module and the inducer. Such a curve may be used as a baselineto which test curves may be compared. In particular, reference curve 400may be used as a reference to analyze test curves measured when energyexchange between the sampling module and the inducer is influenced byexternal factors, such as the presence of a fluid detection network.

[0083] A fluid detection network may measurably influence energyexchange between an inducer and a sampling module. As the capacitance ofthe fluid detection network changes in response to a changing fluiddistribution, the fluid detection network may cause a correspondingchange in the energy exchange between the inducer and the samplingmodule. The change may be dependent on the relative orientation of theinducer and the sampling module to the urine detection network. Analysisof an energy distribution function may be used to interpret the measuredchange in the capacitance of the fluid detection network. Such analysismay be made even if the position of the inducer and the sampling modulerelative to the urine detection network changes within an acceptablerange. In other words, changes in the K value can be compensated for bythe disclosed analysis. For example, the angle of a test curve relativeto a reference curve at the point where the curves intersect mayindicate the K value. If the K value is within an acceptable range, theresults from the analysis may be reported. If the K value falls out ofan acceptable range, additional measurements may be taken and/or a usermay be notified to adjust the position of a monitoring subsystem.

[0084]FIG. 24 shows reference curve 400, as well as test curve 402 andtest curve 404. Test curve 402 and test curve 404 correspond to atesting situation in which a fluid detection network is queried by amonitoring subsystem positioned so that the sampling module is placedbetween the inducer and the energy-converting module of a fluiddetection network. The test results are influenced by a fluid detectionnetwork in a dry state, and thus, each test curve is different fromreference curve 400. In other words, the fluid detection network has acapacitance that reflects its dry condition, and the capacitance can bedetected by a corresponding change in the energy exchange relative to asituation in which the urine detection network does not influence theenergy exchange.

[0085] Test curve 402 and test curve 404 correspond to measurementstaken when the monitoring subsystem is in two different orientationsrelative to the fluid detection network. Such differences in orientationare reflected in the differences between the test curves relative to oneanother. However, despite the differences in the test curves, analysisof the curves can provide information corresponding to the state of thetested fluid detection network.

[0086] As can be seen in FIG. 24, test curve 402 and test curve 404intersect each other at an intersection point 406 and an intersectionpoint 408. Reference curve 400 also passes through intersection point406 and intersection point 408, or at least within an acceptable rangeof those points. In other words, both test curves and the referencecurve have common intersection points corresponding to a frequency orrange of frequencies of the signal generated by the inducer. In theillustrated plot, a dry urine detection network corresponds tointersection points occurring approximately around a frequency step of11 and a frequency step of 21. Such frequency steps correspond tofrequency values, which may be tuned to provide a meaningful referencecurve in which energy exchange can be measured. Such results for a dryfluid detection network may be predetermined under known conditions andused as a comparison when testing urine detection networks. For example,a query that yields an intersection point of a test curve compared to areference curve, or a different test curve, within an acceptable rangeof predetermined intersection point 406 and/or intersection point 408may be interpreted as resulting from a urine detection network in a drycondition. This may be true for a range of K values that may bedetermined by analyzing a test curve, such as by comparing the angle ofthe test curve relative to the reference curve at the intersectionpoint.

[0087]FIG. 25 shows test curve 410 and test curve 412 with referencecurve 400. Similar to FIG. 24, the test curves and the reference curvesintersect at a common point, or region, as shown at 414 and 416.Intersection points 414 and 416 correspond to a urine detection networkin which a first detector is positively testing for urine, and thus ischanging the net capacitance of the fluid detection network. The changein capacitance is reflected in the shift of intersection points 414 and416 when compared to intersection points 406 and 408. The location ofthe intersection points may be interpreted as resulting from a urinedetection network in which the first detector is signaling a fluiddistribution in which a region serviced by the first detector is wet.

[0088]FIG. 26 shows another scenario in which a urine detection networkis signaling a wet condition different from that shown in FIG. 25. Inother words, a second detector is signaling a wet condition. Therefore,the net capacitance of the urine detection network is different, whichis reflected by test curves 420 and 422. As shown, intersection points424 and 426 are shifted from intersection points 414 and 416 of FIG. 25and intersection points 406 and 408 of FIG. 24. The location ofintersection points 424 and 426 may be interpreted as resulting from aurine detection network in which the second detector is signaling afluid distribution in which a region serviced by the second detector iswet.

[0089] Test curves may be compared to reference curves or to other testcurves to identify intersection points, or other relationships that maybe used to assess fluid distribution. As explained above, theintersection points are at least partially resistant to variations in K.Therefore, intersection points may be used to identify capacitancevalues of a urine detection network. Each possible network state may bepredetermined under controlled conditions so that such comparisons maybe made (first detector wet, second detector wet, first and seconddetector wet, etc.) As mentioned above, the network may be configured sothat each possible network state has a unique net capacitance. As can beappreciated, changes in the capacitance of a urine detection networkcause a corresponding measurable change in energy distribution. Suchchanges may be analyzed by comparing tested responses with knownresponses that have been predetermined. In this manner, analysis may beused to determine the state of a urine detection network. Because theanalysis can be performed with differing K values, which correspond todifferent monitoring subsystem positions and/or orientations,flexibility in testing scenarios is achieved.

[0090] In some embodiments, aspects of a test curve, and/or referencecurve, other than an intersection point may be analyzed. For example,test curves typically experience a deviation, such as deviation 430 anddeviation 432 of FIG. 27. Such deviations may be analyzed to determinethe capacitance of a measured urine detection network. Analysis mayinclude position of inflection points bounding a deviation, distancebetween inflection points bounding a deviation, and/or angle ofdeviation. Other criteria for analyzing test curves are contemplated. Inparticular, other comparisons between test curves and a reference curvemay be used to interpret the capacitance of a urine detection network.

[0091] Furthermore, two or more energy distribution functions, such asenergy distribution functions constructed from sets of measurementstaken at different times, may be compared to one another. Comparisonsbetween two or more energy distribution functions may be used to assessinformation about the state of a fluid detection network and/or toverify test results.

[0092] Background noise, or interference, may affect the results of oneor more test measurements. To accurately detect the state of a network,the effects of interference on a test curve may need to be identifiedand compensated for. The use of a sampling module that yields areference curve may provide the ability to detect interference. Forexample, a test curve that is substantially different from the referencecurve, while the sampling module is positioned away from the influenceof a network, may provide an indication of interference. Analyzing suchtest curves may provide information about the interference pattern andmay be used to exclude the effects of interference from furthermeasurements. In addition, numerical and statistical filters may beapplied to detect adverse effects of a transient interference and/or afluctuating interference. As used herein, background noise andinterference includes anything besides a tested fluid detection networkthat is affecting measurements taken by a monitoring subsystem. In otherwords, any signal, information, energy field, etc. received outside ofan information link established between a monitoring subsystem and afluid detection network may be referred to as background noise and/orinterference.

[0093] In some embodiments, more than one sampling module may be used intaking differential measurements that may overcome the adverse effectsof background noise on measurements. For example, two sampling modulesmay be fixed on opposite sides of an inducer module at substantiallyequal distances from the inducer module. Measurements of induced signalsat both locations will result in two test curves. When no network ispresent, the test curves should be substantially similar, even in anoisy environment, as both will respond similarly to the noise. When anetwork is present, both modules will respond according to therespective distance and orientation of the sampling module relative tothe network and the inducer. The difference between the two test curvesmay be attributed to the position of the sampling modules relative tothe fluid detection network and/or the state of the fluid detectionnetwork.

[0094] Although the present disclosure has been provided with referenceto the foregoing operational principles and embodiments, it will beapparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in form anddetail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope definedin the appended claims. The present disclosure is intended to embraceall such alternatives, modifications and variances. Where the disclosureor claims recite “a,” “a first,” or “another” element, or the equivalentthereof, they should be interpreted to include one or more suchelements, neither requiring nor excluding two or more such elements.

What is claimed is:
 1. A urine detection network, comprising: a firstdetector configured to service a first region of a urine collectionarticle; and at least a second detector operatively coupled to the firstdetector and configured to service a second region of the urinecollection article; wherein the first detector and the second detectorare collectively configured to indicate a fluid distribution of theurine collection article.
 2. The urine detection network of claim 1,wherein the urine detection network has a net capacitance derived fromat least a first capacitance of the first detector and a secondcapacitance of the second detector, and wherein the net capacitance ofthe urine detection network indicates fluid distribution of the urinecollection article.
 3. The urine detection network of claim 2, whereinthe first capacitance ranges between a predetermined minimum and apredetermined maximum.
 4. The urine detection network of claim 2,wherein the first capacitance ranges between a predetermined minimum anda value outside of a predetermined range.
 5. The urine detection networkof claim 2, wherein the first capacitance ranges between a predeterminedmaximum and a value outside of a predetermined range.
 6. The urinedetection network of claim 1, wherein the urine detection network has anet inductance derived from at least a first inductance of the firstdetector and a second inductance of the second detector, and wherein thenet inductance of the urine detection network indicates fluiddistribution of the urine collection article.
 7. The urine detectionnetwork of claim 6, wherein the first detector includes a coil shapedconducive element.
 8. The urine detection network of claim 1, wherein acharacteristic of the first detector measurably changes to a first valuein response to a first threshold of urine wetting the first region ofthe urine collection article, and wherein a characteristic of the seconddetector measurably changes to a second value in response to a secondthreshold of urine wetting the second region of the urine collectionarticle.
 9. The urine detection network of claim 8, wherein the firstvalue is different than the second value.
 10. The urine detectionnetwork of claim 9, wherein the first value is a first capacitance andthe second value is a second capacitance.
 11. The urine detectionnetwork of claim 8, wherein the first threshold and the second thresholdare substantially equal.
 12. The urine detection network of claim 8,wherein the first threshold is different than the second threshold. 13.The urine detection network of claim 8, wherein the first threshold is anominal amount of urine.
 14. The urine detection network of claim 8,wherein the first threshold is more than a nominal amount of urine. 15.The urine detection network of claim 8, wherein the characteristic ofthe first detector includes a capacitance of the first detector, andwherein the characteristic of the second detector includes a capacitanceof the second detector.
 16. The urine detection network of claim 15,wherein a dielectric property of the first detector measurably changesin response to a first threshold of urine wetting the first region ofthe urine collection article, and wherein a dielectric property of thesecond detector measurably changes in response to a second threshold ofurine wetting the second region of the urine collection article.
 17. Theurine detection network of claim 1, wherein the first detector includesa sensitizer.
 18. The urine detection network of claim 17, wherein thesensitizer includes a dry ionized substance.
 19. The urine detectionnetwork of claim 1, further comprising an interface module in electricalcommunication with the first detector and the second detector.
 20. Theurine detection network of claim 19, wherein the interface moduleincludes an energy converting module configured to predictablywirelessly interact with a monitoring subsystem based on the fluiddistribution of the urine collection article.
 21. The urine detectionnetwork of claim 19, wherein the interface module includes a connectionnode from which a characteristic of the urine detection network can bedirectly measured.
 22. The urine detection network of claim 21, whereina net capacitance of the urine detection network can be directlymeasured at the connection node.
 23. The urine detection network ofclaim 21, wherein a net inductance of the network can be directlymeasured at the connection node.
 24. The urine detection network ofclaim 21, wherein the interface module is configured for capacitivecoupling with a monitoring subsystem.
 25. The urine detection network ofclaim 1, wherein an energy exchange pattern of the urine detectionnetwork corresponds to the fluid distribution of the urine collectionarticle.
 26. The urine detection network of claim 1, wherein the firstdetector and the second detector are distinguishable.
 27. The urinedetection network of claim 26, wherein the first detector has a firstcapacitance when the first region is wetted, and wherein the seconddetector has a second capacitance, different than the first capacitance,when the second region is wetted.
 28. The urine detection network ofclaim 1, further comprising a flexible substrate on which the firstdetector and second detector are arranged.
 29. The urine detectionnetwork of claim 28, wherein the substrate is configured forincorporation into a diaper.
 30. The urine detection network of claim 1,wherein the first detector and the second detector are constituentelements of a single conductive element.
 31. The urine detection networkof claim 30, wherein the single conductive element is formed from agenerally planar sheet material.
 32. The urine detection network ofclaim 30, wherein folding a portion of the single conductive elementcreates an LC circuit.
 33. The urine detection network of claim 1,wherein the first detector and the second detector are formed by shapinga wire.
 34. The urine detection network of claim 1, wherein the firstdetector and the second detector are formed by shaping two conductivewires that are separated by dielectric material.
 35. The urine detectionnetwork of claim 1, wherein a gap between conductive elements of theurine detection network is shaped by applying pressure on a binderlayer.
 36. A urine detection network, comprising: a first detectionmeans for servicing a first region of a urine collection means; and atleast a second detection means for servicing a second region of theurine collection means; wherein the first detection means and the seconddetection means collectively indicate a fluid distribution of the urinecollection means.
 37. A fluid detection network, comprising: a pluralityof detectors positioned to service a test area, wherein a characteristicof a detector predictably changes when the detector is exposed to apredetermined threshold of fluid; a bus operatively coupled to eachdetector; and an interface module operatively coupled to the bus,wherein the interface module is configured to convey a networkcharacteristic derived from the characteristic of each detector andsignaling a fluid distribution of the test area.
 38. The fluid detectionnetwork of claim 37, wherein the characteristic of each detector is thecapacitance of each detector, and wherein the network characteristic isthe net capacitance of the fluid detection network.
 39. The fluiddetection network of claim 38, wherein a dielectric property of adetector measurably changes in response to a threshold of fluid wettinga region of the test area serviced by the detector.
 40. The fluiddetection network of claim 37, wherein at least one of the plurality ofdetectors is positioned to service a region different than a regionserviced by another of the plurality of detectors.
 41. The fluiddetection network of claim 37, further comprising a flexible substrateon which the plurality of detectors are arranged.
 42. The fluiddetection network of claim 41, wherein the substrate is configured forincorporation into a diaper.
 43. The fluid detection network of claim37, wherein the interface module includes an energy converting moduleconfigured to predictably influence an induced energy field based on thefluid distribution of the test area.
 44. The fluid detection network ofclaim 37, wherein the interface module is one of a plurality ofinterface modules operatively coupled to the bus, wherein each of theplurality of interface modules is located for access from a differentposition.
 45. A method of forming at least a portion of a urinedetection network that includes a plurality of detectors, each having acharacteristic that changes responsive to exposure to urine, and whereinthe urine detection network has a net characteristic derived from theindividual characteristics of the plurality of detectors, the methodcomprising: providing a sheet material including a binder layer and aconducting layer; scoring at least the conducting layer to form aconductive pattern that includes adjacent traces separated by a gapdistance; and stamping the conductive pattern with a shaper so as todeform the binder layer and the conducting layer to increase the gapdistance separating adjacent traces of the conductive pattern.
 46. Themethod of claim 45, further comprising applying a cover layer to thesheet material.
 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the cover layer isapplied before stamping the conductive pattern.
 48. A diaper,comprising: an absorbent core for containing excreted urine; and a urinedetection network including a plurality of detectors positioned adjacentthe absorbent core, wherein a characteristic of a detector predictablychanges when the detector is exposed to a predetermined threshold of theexcreted urine.
 49. The diaper of claim 48, further comprising aninterface module operatively coupled to the plurality of detectors,wherein the interface module is configured to convey a networkcharacteristic derived from the characteristic of each detector andsignaling a urine distribution within the absorbent core.
 50. The diaperof claim 48, wherein the plurality of detectors are positioned adjacentdifferent regions of the absorbent core, so as to service differentregions of the diaper.
 51. A urine detection system, comprising: a urinedetection network servicing a urine collection article, the urinedetection network including: a first detector configured to service afirst region of the urine collection article, and at least a seconddetector operatively coupled to the first detector and configured toservice a second region of the urine collection article, wherein theurine detection network has a net characteristic derived from at least afirst characteristic of the first detector and a second characteristicof the second detector, and wherein the net characteristic of the urinedetection network indicates fluid distribution of the urine collectionarticle; and a monitoring subsystem configured to determine the netcharacteristic of the urine detection network.